Lonely Planet switches back to Hanyu Pinyin for Mandarin phrasebook

cover of the 6th edition of the Lonely Planet Mandarin phrasebookFor the latest (sixth) edition of its Mandarin phrasebook, Lonely Planet has abandoned its disastrous experiment with its own irregular and downright awful romanization system for Mandarin and switched back to full and exclusive use of Hanyu Pinyin.

No one should even think about buying the fifth edition, which is the one with the weird romanization. Another caveat: The covers for the Pinyin-less fifth edition and the Pinyin-using sixth edition have the exact same illustration; the only difference is in the background color. The fifth edition has a red background, while the sixth (shown here) has a greenish background.

Here’s a more or less random example of the romanization in the fifth edition. The book gives “jèr shìr shér·mer jùn” for what should be written “Zhè shì shénme zhàn?” (“What station is this?”) in Hanyu Pinyin. So in addition to having weird romanization, the fifth edition fails to put a capital letter at the beginning of a sentence and fails to include punctuation at the end. I see this sort of thing a lot and am puzzled by the practice. Capital letters at the beginning of a sentence and punctuation at the end — that’s not too much to ask, is it?

Moreover, sometimes the romanization does not match the Chinese characters! In the example above, for instance, the sentence in Chinese characters should read “这是什么站?” But instead it is written “这是哪个站?”, which would be “Zhè shì nǎge zhàn?” in Hanyu Pinyin. In this case, the two sentences mean basically the same thing. But on the very next page (p. 58) for the question “Do I need to change?” it gives “sēw·yào líng·chyén ma” (Pinyin: Xūyào língqián ma?).

This is a real howler. Somehow those responsible for writing the book managed to mix up two of the meanings of “change” in English. So the phrasebook will have unwary travelers asking not “Do I need to change trains to reach my destination?” but “Do I need coins?” A Chinese person hearing this would probably just answer “no” and ponder how very strange foreigners are to think they might specifically need coins on a train. So woe to the trusting Lonely Planet customer who needs to change trains! Admittedly, foreigners ending up in the wrong part of China as a result of such sloppiness may not have happened too often, since the given romanization is so weird that foreigners could probably not make themselves understood with it and had to point to the Chinese characters. At least the characters manage to give the correct question, Xūyào dǎochē ma? (需要倒车吗?), instead of Xūyào língqián ma? (需要零钱吗?). But that’s hardly enough to make up for such errors.

There are many more errors in the fifth edition. I certainly hope they have been corrected in the sixth; but I didn’t have time the other day in the bookstore to check for sure. If any readers of Pinyin News have a copy of the sixth edition, please let me know; I’d like to check if the Lonely Planet’s hovercraft is still full of eels.

Now that at least the weird romanization has been banished in favor of Hanyu Pinyin (would that Taiwan take that lesson to heart!), it would be good if Lonely Planet could get some other things right, like correcting the misinformation about Mandarin not being a real language but a “dialect.” Some of the word parsing is also incorrect. And the Mandarin-English dictionary should be available in alphabetical order, too, not just stroke order.

Hanyu Pinyin crossword puzzle

The theme of this puzzle is fairly specialized: Taiwan politics. So those not familiar with Taiwan are probably going to find much of this one difficult. But if enough people are interested in other such puzzles on more general themes, please let me know and I’ll create some additional crosswords. Also, please let me know what you think of this one. (Too hard? Too easy? Some questions are too obscure? Interesting? Boring?)

Here are a few guidelines:

  • tones are ignored
  • u is used for both u and ü
  • apostrophes are omitted
  • words can be run together, just as in other crossword puzzles

Have fun!

crossword puzzle in Hanyu Pinyin

Across
4. fight club?
5. one aspect of 12 across
7. KMT
11. min_______, one of the Sanminzhuyi
12. dirty-money politics
13. min _______, one of the Sanminzhuyi
16. Taiwan’s capital prior to Taipei
18. Isla Formosa
19. 1st pers. sing., to Chen Shui-bian
20. pan-green

Down
1. one of 20 across, Minzhu _______
2. start of the guoge
3. Annette _______
6. min_______, one of the Sanminzhuyi
8. “the mainland”
9. _______ Guomindang
10. PFP
14. former ruling nation of Taiwan
15. pan-blue
17. month no. for Taipei mayoral election

This one’s for Gus, who got me started thinking of this.

venerating old four-eyes

traditional image of Cang Jie, depicting him with four eyes

Taipei Mayor Ma Ying-jeou spent part of his final day in office at a ceremony in honor of Cang Jie (Cāng Jié / 倉頡 / 仓颉), the mythical inventor of Chinese characters. According to Ma, this was the first time in history that such a formal ceremony has been held for Cang Jie.

The ceremony was part of a plan to promote the use of traditional Chinese characters (something that doesn’t need promoting in Taiwan itself) and to make Taipei the world’s “capital of traditional Chinese characters.” Perhaps Hong Kong, which is a much larger city, will be disqualified by the World Capital Police for now having too many simplified characters here and there.

Taipei officials also appear to view traditional Chinese characters as a potential tourist draw. (They could be a draw for foreigners wanting to learn Mandarin — if only the government would clarify its rules and make it easier for people to study here.) Officials, however, seem to be thinking more of potential tourists from China, always a good group to keep in mind. Nevertheless, Taipei wants the tourists on its own terms and is prepared to dole out some tough love. The city, according to Ma — who, as someone in the final hours of his time in office, wouldn’t seem to have much authority on this — will “continue to use traditional Chinese characters in the tourism pamphlets and maps that it publishes so that the Chinese tourists will have an opportunity to learn about the characters and appreciate their beauty.”

Doesn’t Taipei think PRC tourists would get more than enough opportunities here in Taiwan to see traditional Chinese characters without making it harder for them to read tourist maps and tourist brochures? After all, even the DPP-run central government, which can hardly be accused of being friendly to China, has allowed government brochures and Web sites in simplified characters.

sources:

China’s script-reform officials remark on ‘Internet language’

A few weeks ago the Guangming Daily asked several authorities their ideas on “Internet language” (wǎngluò yǔyán / 网络语言), the mix of abbreviated English and Pinyin along with slang that characterizes much of what is written on Internet chat services and the like.

Since three of those interviewed — Su Peicheng (Sū Péichéng / 苏培成), president of the PRC-government-sponsored Society for the Modernization of the Chinese Language (Zhōngguó Yǔwén Xiàndàihuà Xuéhuì); Qian Yuzhi (Qián Yùzhǐ / 钱玉趾), a member of the same group as Su; and Feng Zhiwei (Féng Zhìwěi / 冯志伟), a research fellow with the PRC Ministry of Education’s Institute of Applied Linguistics’s computational linguistics department — are in important positions related to script reform in China, their thoughts are worth noting. Not surprisingly, they aren’t particularly supportive of it. Su particularly stresses the need to instruct young people in the “harm” of using Internet language.

The fourth member of the group is Wu Zhiwei (Wǔ Zhìwěi / 武志伟), who works at the CCTV website.

source: Rúhé kàndài “Wǎngluò yǔyán” (如何看待“网络语言”), Guangming Ribao, December 7, 2006

some common character slips

image of '公义广告' with an editor's red pen correcting 义 to 益; the 'correction' is in the originalJoel of Danwei posts on a “public-service announcement” (gongyi guanggao), of sorts, that tells people “Every Chinese person should respect Chinese characters and use Chinese characters properly.” The problem, as the ad puts it, is that “there are a multitude of non-standard uses of Chinese characters in society; mistaken and variant characters are relatively common, harming the elegance and purity of Chinese characters.”

References, especially when written in so-called simplified characters, to the “elegance and purity” of Chinese characters might strike some as lacking in historical perspective if not as downright ironic. Compare, for example, the following:

(traditional) and (simplified)

(traditional) and 广 (simplified)

But, that aside, the ad contains an interesting list of 100 instances of commonly miswritten characters. (Whether all of these are really wrong would make a good subject for another post.)

This ad is, as Joel notes, a roundabout way of touting the Xiandai Hanyu cidian (现代汉语词典), which is one of if not the most popular dictionary in China. The fifth edition was issued last year.

Lü Shuxiang (呂叔湘 / 吕叔湘) (1904-1998), the editor in chief of the first edition of this dictionary, was a strong advocate of romanization, as can be seen in his excellent essay Comparing Chinese Characters and a Chinese Spelling Script — an evening conversation on the reform of Chinese characters (漢字和拼音字的 比較 —-漢字改革一 夕談 / 汉字和拼音字的 比较 —-汉字改革一 夕谈). (The English translation of this was made especially for Pinyin Info by Zhang Liqing, one of the associate editors of the ABC Chinese-English Comprehensive Dictionary.)

source: Characters in the public interest, Danwei, December 13, 2006

Simplified characters inside and outside of the People’s Republic of China

The following is a guest post by Professor Victor H. Mair. All of the Chinese characters other than those in the scanned image are my own addition.

———–

A friend of ours from Taiwan who keeps a sharp eye out for new cancer medicine for my wife recently sent us the announcement of a new drug, and added the following handwritten note at the end:

scanned note of Chinese characters. description follows below

xiāngxìn hái huì yǒu
I believe still can there is/are
         
gèng hǎod fāmíng    
more good invention    

“I believe that there will be even better inventions.”

Of the eleven Chinese characters in her note, four were simplified: xìn (亻 rén [“man”] on the left and 文 wén [“civil, writing”] on the right), hái (as on the mainland), huì (as on the mainland), and (癶 Kangxi radical 105 [] on the top as with the original graph, mainland 开 kāi [“open”] on the bottom]).

Here is the text as it would appear in traditional Chinese characters.

我相信還會有
更好的發明.

The text as it would appear in the PRC’s “simplified” Chinese characters, with the different characters in yellow

我相信还会
更好的明.

Note that, of the four simplified characters in this short note, two are nonstandard according to PRC orthography, which has rén (亻 “man”) on the left and yán (言 “speech”) on the right for xìn (信 “trust; letter”), i.e., the graph is unsimplified on the mainland, and a completely different form for (發/发 “emit, occur”). One might have expected that these nonstandard simplified forms would have derived from Japanese forms, since Taiwan has had close cultural ties with Japan during the past century. Yet Japanese orthography does not call for the simplification of xìn at all, and the Japanese simplification of , while similar to the simplified form in our friend’s note, has the bottommost strokes curving toward the left and right, whereas our friend has them going straight down. Our friend’s xìn is not an ad hoc invention by her, because I have often seen it used in informal writing, and it is fairly easy to understand how someone might want to substitute the four-stroke component wén (文 “writing”) for the seven-stroke component yán (言 “speech”) when thinking of the meaning “letter, missive” for this character. Our friend’s , on the other hand, probably is related to the Japanese form, but further simplified so that the effort to curve the last two strokes left and right is eliminated. In addition, the idea of “open, begin” for the bottom component (开 kāi) was undoubtedly in the mind of the person who devised this simplified form, since it comports well with the fundamental meanings of .

What is particularly interesting is that our friend is vocally opposed to the simplification of characters, decrying the mainland communist bandits as destroyers of Chinese civilization, yet she herself uses them regularly and casually, and in her own writing! Indeed, she uses more simplified characters in her writing than are called for by the PRC authorities. The same is true of Chinese writers the world over when they let their hair down and do what comes naturally. The simplification of Chinese characters has been going on for more than two thousand years (see, for example, the many simplified forms in the stele inscriptions of the Six Dynasties period and the profusion of simplified characters in the pinghua [“expository tales”] of the Song period).

I should not neglect to observe that there are also numerous unofficial simplified characters in widespread use on the mainland. For example 午 (“noon” – four strokes) is a common substitute for 舞 (“dance” – 14 strokes [!]), 江 jiāng (“[Yangtze] river” – six strokes) frequently replaces 疆 jiāng (“border” – nineteen strokes [!!]) in Xinjiang (the name of the Uyghur region in the far west), and so forth.

What does all of this boil down to? In a nutshell, people are not fools. They do not want to waste their lives writing a dozen* or more strokes for a single syllable when they can convey the same amount of information in four or five strokes. I contend that the natural process of simplification – without artificial (e.g., heavy-handed government) intervention – inevitably results in the development of a syllabary or an alphabet. In fact, this is what happened with Japanese hiragana and katakana, as well as with the nüshu (“women’s script”) of southwestern Hunan. Absent strong government controls and/or elitist models, the same would happen with mainstream hanzi (“sinographs”) in China, and we even see a tendency toward greater emphasis on phoneticization and de-emphasis on semanticization in the official writing system of the PRC. For instance, 云 yún is used both for “cloud” and “say” (ironically, the graph for “cloud” on the oracle bones started out with the simple form, and the “rain” radical 雨 was only added about a thousand years later with the seal form of the graph), while (“emit, occur”) and (“hair”) share the same graph. This is not, of course, to mention the hundreds of so-called “letter words” (zimuci) that are creeping into Chinese dictionaries, nor the thousands of English words that are invading Chinese speech and writing. But that is a matter for another essay.

==
*The average number of strokes per character is over a dozen for traditional forms and just under a dozen for the complete set of characters that incorporates the official simplified forms. The main reasons why there is not much difference between the two averages are: 1. the vast numbers of characters overall, 2. the relatively few characters that have been officially simplified.

Victor H. Mair
University of Pennsylvania
December 6, 2006

———–

see also Mystery of old simplified Chinese characters?, Pinyin News, October 7, 2005

85 percent of Japanese report weakening of ability to write kanji: poll

I may have understated the headline by using “weakening.” Regardless, though, the figures are dramatic.

People are becoming accustomed to computer-aided input of kanji and thus forgetting how to be able to write them by hand. This is only going to get worse, not better.

For a brief English article on this, see the link below.

「パソコンを始めて漢字が書けなくなった70%、読める漢字が増えた15%」。
6月に行った調査 ではこんな結果が出ているが、最新の調査はどうだろうか。「漢字の日」である12月12日、ニンテンドー DS 用ソフト「 漢検DS 」が、漢字に関する意識調査の結果を発表した。

同調査は10~15歳の“こども”400名、35~40歳の“大人”400名を対象としている。

調査によれば、「漢字を書く機会が減ったと感じている」大人が93%、「ここ何年かで自分の漢字力が低下したと感じている」大人が85%にものぼり、多くの大人が漢字を書く機会が減り、漢字が書けなくなったと感じていることがわかった。

このような結果にもかかわらず、こども世代の過半数以上は「分からない漢字は両親に聞く」と考えている。一方の大人世代では、4人に1人が「漢字を書けなくて恥を書いたシチュエーション」として、「こどもなど、人に聞かれてわからなかった時」と答えた。「親は漢字が分かるもの」というこどもの期待と、親の能力には大きな乖離があるようだ。

漢字力が低下した原因について尋ねるたところ(複数回答)、最も多かった回答は「PC をよく使うから」で87.4%。続いて「携帯電話(携帯メール)をよく使うから」(43.8%)、「年齢をおうことによる記憶力の低下」(41.8%)の順となった。

早稲田大学笹原宏之助教授はこう分析する。「漢字教育が漢字についての応用力を育てるような体系的なものとして行われておらず、また日常生活でも本や新聞などの紙面よりも、テレビやパソコンなど画面の上で漢字を書いたり見たりする機会が増えたためだ」

自分の漢字力を知る方法としては、大人、こどもともに、1位「漢字検定」、2位「漢字勉強用ゲームソフト」、3位「漢字問題集」という結果となった。また、こどもが漢字勉強用ゲームソフトで漢字を勉強することについては、大人の48%が賛成と回答している。

笹原助教授は漢字力低下の要因を、PC などの普及による漢字を書く行為のデジタル化に見出したが、その低下した漢字力を向上させるための学習方法にもデジタル化の波が及んでいるのかもしれない。

ちなみになぜ12月12日が「漢字の日」かといえば、1995年に財団法人日本漢字能力検定協会が「いい(1)じ(2)いち(1)じ(2)」(いい字1字)の語呂合わせで設定したからだという。

sources:

Japan’s kanji of the year: ?

I can’t seem to manage the enthusiasm to talk about the selection now, so maybe commenters can handle this one. (Pretty please!) But at least 命 is more interesting than the kanji of the year for 2005: 愛.

source: 2006年「今年の漢字」応募集計結果発表, December 13, 2006

other reading: Taiwan’s Chinese character of the year, Pinyin News, January 22, 2006