typical example of the confusion about Chinese characters

When I first heard about a new book, Mr. China: A Memoir, by Tim Clissold, it sounded like a much-needed debunking of pie-in-the-sky Western investments in China. Unfortunately, however, Clissold’s book spends several pages reinforcing myths about the Chinese languages and Chinese characters.

Chinese characters are central to the language. They provide a link with the past quite unlike that provided by European languages. The characters represent complete ideas rather than just sounds, like liters, so they are different from alphabetical spellings in that they resist changes over the years or between regions. Pronunciation of Chinese words might change over the centuries, but the written character remains constant. The character ? may be pronounced xiang, heung, or hong, but it always means “fragrant.” Separate from the sound and recognizable across thousands of years, the characters keep history alive. When China’s earliest philosophers recorded their ideas on bamboo spills as far back as the sixth century B.C., they used characters, many of which are still in daily use. It’s as if, with a little effort from the reader, the words of Plato or Aristotle leaped from the page in the orginal.

Wrong, wrong, wrong. These are myths.

Later, the author relates the shi shi shi story. Like almost everyone else, he completely misunderstands the piece and reaches entirely wrong conclusions.

The book has many such errors.

Mao tried to simplify the language by modifying the characters.

This statement is a good example of the confusion of language and script that Clissold displays more than once.

Really, this is all quite sad — and typical!

fonts and sinograph limitations

A reminder that right now there are many thousands of Chinese characters that are not included in font sets and that fonts with Chinese characters will always have to play catch-up:

政协委员:电脑字库该强制更新
http://www.sina.com.cn 2005年03月14日18:17 金羊网-羊城晚报

  本报北京专电 特派记者周敏、蒋铮、余颖、张演钦、李宜航报道:常会出现电脑“不识字”(打不出来)的状况,不是“脑子笨”,而是字库旧。全国政协委员李德毅建议坚决强制更新使用新型汉字字库标准,令6000万中国人不再遭遇无名尴尬。

  李德毅讲了个故事:学生杜餻在银行的存款到期了。银行遗憾地通知他,无法再为他办理续存业务,因为电脑里打不出“餻”。以前这个字用同音字“义”代替,实行实名制 后行不通了。由于姓名用字比较生僻,杜餻们的姓名被使用时,要么被“杜益鸟”之类代替,要么用同音字或者拼音代替,要么干脆用三角或者星号代替。在一些地方,遇到电脑打不出的生僻字,户籍管理部门甚至会要求改名后再上户口。在换发二代身份证的过程中,就经常出现人名中的生僻字无法输入的问题。

  出现这种情况,是电脑中安装和执行的字库标准仍然是国家标准总局1981年5月颁布的GB2312-1998《信息交换用汉字编码字符集———基本集》,该标准仅收录了6763个汉字。为了解决汉字字库编码陈旧,不适合信息技术发展和社会需求的问题,国家标准总局2000年推出了GB18030-2000新标准,含2.7万多个汉字,强制执行,过渡期到2001年8月1日为止。但实际中,还有不少系统在使用旧字库,没有更新。

  据不完全统计,中国人姓名中使用GB2312规定的6763汉字之外的字,大约占4.5%;使用GB18030-2000新标准的2.7万个汉字之外的字,大约占0.5%。(本报北京专电)

street-sign woes in Nanjing

Even more InTerCaPiTaLiZaTion — the horror!

新街口地下通道路标乱套了 给市民出行带来不便
sina.com.cn 2005年03月15日09:10 龙虎网

【龙虎网讯】路名标志不全;该标箭头的不标;违反民政部规定,路牌上用英文拼写地名;同一路牌上,有的路名用汉语拼音,有的却用英文……这些怪现象都出现在新街口。昨天,南京市政协委员薛正毅与快报记者一起,给这个南京市最繁华地段的路标挑刺。薛正毅感叹,如此混乱路标给群众出行带来不便,是南京创建文明城市的不和谐音。

  地下用英文,地上是拼音

  新街口广场地下过街通道刚启用不久,地下所有指路牌清一色标注英文。如中山东路路牌下加一行EastZhongShanRoad;洪武路路牌下加一行HongWuRoad;王府大街路牌下加一行WangFuAv-enue。但一出地下通道,迎面新百门前的中山东路路牌标注的却是汉语拼音ZhongShanDongLu。

  淮海路地下过街通道内的路标同样较乱。从中央商场门前下去,迎面就看到一块大路牌,上面标有带箭头的两个地名,其中大洋百货用的是英文GrandOcean;三元巷用的却是汉语拼音SanYuanXiang。不远处另一块路牌上,中央商场用的是英文CentralEmporum;淮海路又用的是汉语拼音HuaiHaiLu。

  公共场所路牌到底该用英文还是汉语拼音?薛正毅委员当场用手机打电话给南京市地名办咨询。一位邱姓女士答复说,地下通道路牌应该用拼音,国家民政部明确规定,标准地名必须一律用汉语拼音拼写,不得使用英文及其他外文拼写地名。她特地引用 2003年5月26日民政部颁布的文件规定:“设置街(路)巷(胡同)标志、楼(院)门牌(单元牌、户牌)、景点指示标志、交通指示标志、公共交通站牌等;标准地名是指街、路、道、巷、胡同、里、弄等名称”必须用拼音。薛正毅不客气地说,新街口出现这么多加注英文的路牌,其实是赶时髦的念头在作怪。店名、产品名称都爱起个洋名,路牌加注英文似乎就能与国际化接轨了。

  地下通道少了“四号”标志

  站在新街口广场地下通道中心,四周有4个大出口,分别标有5、6、7、8等四个黄底白字的大号字,十分醒目。在5号出口处,左侧墙壁写着“4号,中山南路、东方商城”;右侧墙壁写着“5号,汉中路、王府大街、金鹰国际商城”。这两处路牌字较小,走近才能看清。薛正毅指出,5号出口处应在左侧加上一个黄底白字的大号4字,那样就方便了。

  在这一通道的8号出口处,路牌标注的是中山东路,但走进这一出口却有左右两处通向地面,向左是中山东路,向右则通向中山南路。薛正毅说,前天晚上,他本想经此出口到中山东路,上去才发现走到了中山南路。他说,该通道4个出口地面都在新街口广场拐角上,地下灯箱指路牌应严格与地面路名相一致,并画出指路箭头。他是南京本地人,都分不清,要是外地游客,更不方便了。

  新街口地下通道路标乱套了 给市民出行带来不便

  作者:赵诚

(来源:现代快报)

Taiwan to tout traditional characters abroad

推廣華語 繁體質感取勝
記者李名揚/台北報導 03/15 03:52

華語已成為全世界第二大語言,中國大陸的簡體中文挾帶「量」的優勢進軍全世界,教育部則透過外交部協助,與美國大學理事會取得共識,未來美國高中先修課程中,華語課的教材和考試,將繁體字和簡體字並用、漢語拼音和通用拼音並列,希望爭取華語市場大餅。

教育部官員指出,大陸官方已成立了「國家對外漢語教學領導小組辦公室」,計畫在全世界開辦100所「孔子學院」,第一所在韓國已經掛牌,美國馬里蘭大學、瑞典、比利時也都相繼成立。

教育部次長范巽綠表示,行政院已將「對外華語文教學」列為「人才培訓服務業之發展」三大旗艦計畫之一,教育部研議利用國內現有17所設在各大學的華語文研習中心及華語僑校,編修內容更貼近台灣生活面貌的教材,讓外國人認識台灣的多元文化,並招收各國對華語文有興趣的學生或民眾來台學習。

范巽綠說,教育部也透過駐外單位協助,讓台灣具有華語文教學能力的大學校院,與歐美大學合作,編寫適合當地需求的教材,並在當地培訓高中先修課程的華語文師資,例如美國今年有2400所高中急聘華語教師,台灣協助培訓的師資就備受重視;至於東南亞,則結合台商在當地培訓師資。

教育部官員分析指出,大陸攻占全世界華語文教學與研習市場的策略是以「量」取勝,因為他們人口眾多,又有外交優勢;台灣必須走重「質」的精緻路線,因為繁體字能吸引國外高學歷、學術界以及企業幹部來台學習。

state of Tsou language, dictionary

From a Reuters article in the Taiwan News:

Aborigines battle to save their culture
Taiwan’s Tsou tribe struggles to preserve langauge and mores
2005-03-14

[…]Aside from Christian missionaries, no foreigners intruded on them until the Japanese colonization from 1895 to 1945.

The Japanese stopped customs that they considered barbaric, such as the Tsou practice of taking human heads as war trophies. The Mayasvi was itself halted for a about a decade.

Then, when the Chinese Nationalist government fled to Taiwan in 1949 after losing the mainland to the Communists, the Tsou language was smothered. The Nationalists imposed Mandarin Chinese in schools and banned all other languages and dialects.

“People say we are gradually losing our culture but it’s actually happening very quickly,” said Liao Chin-ying, a Chinese primary school teacher who married into a Tsou family in the neighbouring village of Dabang, next to Tefuye.

She said less than 10 percent of young people can speak Tsou, compared to 90 percent of the elderly. The government now allows schools to teach Tsou once a week, but Liao thinks that is not enough to pull the language back from the brink of extinction.

“If you don’t teach the mother tongue, then you lose your culture. Without your mother tongue, your culture becomes fossilized and doesn’t truly exist any more,” she said.

Dying language

Liao speaks only Tsou to her 2-year-old daughter but says her little girl insists on replying in Mandarin because the other children in the village do not speak their native tongue.

Christian missionaries are trying to help preserve the Tsou language by using a romanization system.

“Some of the priests here speak better Tsou than me,” said Yangui Iuheacana, a Tsou woman who teaches village children how to spell Tsou words using the alphabet.

“They’re helping to put together the first-ever Tsou dictionary and are translating the Bible into Tsou,” she said.

It’s easy to see why small villages like Tefuye and Dabang, with only about 1,200 residents between them, fear assimilation. Mandarin is essential for anyone seeking further education or work, and for men doing compulsory military service.

Yet Tsou pride in tradition is evident everywhere, from the carefully observed Mayasvi to the scars on Peongsi’s arms and legs – the legacy of his numerous tussles with boars, bears, deer, goats and monkeys.

The Tsou still teach their boys how to hunt and farm up in the lush mountains far away from Taipei’s bustling streets and the high-tech microchip plants that helped turn the leaf-shaped island into the world’s 15th-largest economy.

I’d be surprised if this is really the first Tsou dictionary. Has no one at Academia Sinica, for example, made one already?

book sales in China

“The World’s Biggest Book Market”, a piece in the New York Times about book sales in China:

They’re poring over cartoons — translations of ”Calvin and Hobbes” and of Japanese manga — and the locally drawn ”Legend of Nezha” books, which held 10 of the top 11 places on a Chinese best-seller list last year. Others turn the pages of a Garfield English-Chinese dictionary, which contains no entry for lasagna, but one for tofu.

Although the author is talking about children at this point, the best-seller list isn’t given as specifically children’s books. So think about it: 10 of the 11 best-selling books in China last year were comic books. I have nothing against comic books, but, under such conditions, figures of high book sales don’t really work to support the idea of a high state of literacy.

The situation isn’t much better in Japan.

But translations into Chinese make up only 6 percent of the 190,000 books printed in China in 2003. Instead, the world’s fastest-growing book market — adding an estimated $300 million in sales annually — is fueled by textbooks, which account for nearly half of all purchases. (This is according to China’s statistical yearbook and a definitive book on publishing, which offer the most reliable figures available on the Wild West atmosphere of the Chinese book market.)

So textbooks — which are required purchases — make up half of sales.

Moreover, I wonder what the percentage of books is in languages other than Mandarin? And of those textbooks, what percent are in or about English?

odd use of “dialect”

I read an interesting usage of “dialect” today in a restaurant review in the Star, Malaysia’s largest English-language daily. (Emphasis added.)

It gradually dawned upon me that Oriental Cravings was a restaurant devoted to much of the older cuisines of our parents and grandparents. Further queries revealed that much of the menu was dialect-driven. Hakka, Hainanese and Hokkien are the principal inspirations. But care was taken to update the old with new ideas too….

It was a delicious culinary adventure that revealed more about dialect dishes then I ever knew existed. The blend of old and new, and the nice ambience make Oriental Cravings a restaurant that will appeal to both the old and young.

source