{"id":2188,"date":"2009-04-26T22:43:10","date_gmt":"2009-04-26T14:43:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pinyin.info\/news\/?p=2188"},"modified":"2015-12-15T15:40:11","modified_gmt":"2015-12-15T07:40:11","slug":"mandarin-interjections-in-pinyin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pinyin.info\/news\/2009\/mandarin-interjections-in-pinyin\/","title":{"rendered":"Mandarin interjections in Pinyin"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pinyin.info\/readings\/pronun-and-orth.gif\" alt=\"cover of Chinese Romanization: Pronunciation and Orthography\" style=\"float: right; width: 138px; height: 200px;\" \/>Ah, interjections! Such flavor they can add! With a few of the many interjections in today&#8217;s reading on <a href=\"https:\/\/pinyin.info\/readings\/yin_binyong\/o09_interjections.pdf\">Mandarin interjections<\/a> (325 KB PDF) you&#8217;ll sound a lot more like a native speaker. But don&#8217;t overdo it unless you also want to sound like a drama queen. <\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s the introduction:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Interjections, sometimes also called exclamations, are a type of function word used in calling out, to express strong emotions, or to indicate agreement. Interjections may form complete utterances on their own, or function as part of a larger utterance. When they form a part of a larger sentence, they most usually appear at the beginning. They are separated from the rest of the sentence by a comma or exclamation point in writing. <\/p>\n<p>Interjections can tolerate a wide degree of variation in tone and intonation in order to better express the emotions they indicate. This makes it difficult to set a fixed Chinese-character form for each different interjection. To better suit this variability, interjections are permitted to go without tone markers in HP. <\/p>\n<p>Interjections, as function words, are written separately from the words around them. Most interjections are monosyllabic, though there are a number of polysyllabic ones, like haiyo, heihei, aiya, and aiyaya. Some interjections are composed wholly of consonants: ng, hm, hng. These too are treated as ordinary syllables. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Thus, when it comes to writing interjections in Hanyu Pinyin, the rules are simple. <a href=\"https:\/\/pinyin.info\/readings\/moser\/chinese_characters.html\">Pinyin&#8217;s greater flexibility than Chinese characters<\/a> could also open up all sorts of possibilities. <\/p>\n<p>Here are some standard examples from the reading: <\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>a &#21834;<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"py\">A? N&#464; shu&#333; sh&#233;nme?<\/span> (Eh? What did you say?) [INQUIRY]<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"py\">A? Y&#466;u zh&#232;y&#224;ng de sh&#236;r?<\/span> (What? Is such a thing possible?) [SURPRISE]<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"py\">A, w&#466; m&#237;ngbai le.<\/span> (Oh, I get it.) [AGREEMENT, COMPREHENSION]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>ai &#21769; &#22127;<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"py\">Ai, w&#466; l&#225;i le.<\/span> (Here I am.) [RESPONSE]<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"py\">Ai, b&#249; sh&#236; n&#224;me hu&#237; sh&#236;r.<\/span> (No, it&#8217;s not like that at all.) [DISAGREEMENT]<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"py\">Ai, y&#299;qi&#232; d&#333;u w&#225;n le.<\/span> (Oh dear, it&#8217;s all over.) [SADNESS]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>aiya &#21710;&#21568;<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"py\">Aiya, zh&#232; n&#225;ngu&#257; zh&#275;n d&#224;!<\/span> (My, what a big pumpkin!) [SURPRISE]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>aiyo &#21710;&#21938;<\/strong>; also aiyao, aiyou\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"py\">Aiyo, w&#466; d&#249;zi h&#462;o t&#233;ng!<\/span> (Oh, how my stomach aches!) [PAIN]<\/li>\n<li><em>aiyo<\/em> may also be used to express alarm or pleased surprise.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>e, ei<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"py\">Ei, n&#464; ku&#224;i l&#225;i!<\/span> (Hey, come quick.)  [USED IN CALLING SOMEONE]<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"py\">Ei, t&#257; z&#232;nme pao le?<\/span> (Hey, where did he run off to?) [SURPRISE]<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"py\">Ei, b&#249; sh&#236; zh&#232;y&#224;ng ba.<\/span> (That can&#8217;t be right.) [DISAGREEMENT, DISAPPROVAL]<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"py\">Ei, w&#466; ji&#249; l&#225;i le.<\/span> (I&#8217;m coming.) [USED IN REPLYING- TO A CALL OR SUMMONS.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>haha<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"py\">Haha, w&#466; c&#257;idu&#236; le.<\/span> (Ha, I guessed right.) [HAPPINESS OR SMUGNESS]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>I&#8217;m tempted to keep typing <em>all<\/em> of these out. There&#8217;s not much point in that, though, since everyone can just turn to the PDF. But I&#8217;d like to point out a few outside examples. <\/p>\n<p>Y.R. Chao&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/pinyin.info\/readings\/alice\/humpty_dumpty_chinese.html\">translation into Mandarin of Humpty Dumpty<\/a> has plenty of interjections: <em>hng<\/em>, <em>ng<\/em>, <em>a<\/em>, <em>o<\/em>, etc. <\/p>\n<p>And remember <em>Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon<\/em> (<span class=\"py\">W&#242;h&#468;c&#225;ngl&#243;ng<\/span>)? After Zhang Ziyi&#8217;s character wakes up in Xiao Hu&#8217;s cave in Xinjiang, she gives us a good example of the contemptuous interjection <em>pei<\/em>. <\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><span class=\"py\"><strong>Xi&#462;o H&#468;:<\/strong> G&#224;osu w&#466; n&#464; de m&#237;ngzi. [Tell me your name.]<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"py\"><strong>Xi&#462;o L&#243;ng:<\/strong> Pei!<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"py\"><strong>Xi&#462;o H&#468;:<\/strong> Pei? H&#224;nr&#233;n m&#233;iy&#466;u zh&#232;zh&#466;ng m&#237;ngzi de.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<div style=\"margin: 1em auto; text-align: center;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pinyin.info\/news\/news_photos\/2009\/04\/crouching_tiger_pei.jpg\" alt=\"image from 'Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon' with the lines Pei? H&#224;nr&#233;n m&#233;iy&#466;u zh&#232;zh&#466;ng m&#237;ngzi de. [Pei? I didn't think the Hans had names like that.]\" title=\"Yes, I know that's not a word-for-word translation, but it's what they use in the official version (I think).\" width=\"466\" height=\"296\" \/><\/div>\n<p>Also, the very first word in <em>Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon<\/em> is &#8220;<em>Yo<\/em>!&#8221; &#8212; just the Mandarin one, not the English one. (&#8220;<span class=\"py\">Yo! L&#464; y&#233; l&#225;i la.<\/span>&#8220;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ah, interjections! Such flavor they can add! With a few of the many interjections in today&#8217;s reading on Mandarin interjections (325 KB PDF) you&#8217;ll sound a lot more like a native speaker. But don&#8217;t overdo it unless you also want &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/pinyin.info\/news\/2009\/mandarin-interjections-in-pinyin\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[12,106,28,95,32,20,600,19],"tags":[626],"class_list":["post-2188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chinese","category-hanyu","category-languages","category-linguistics","category-mandarin","category-pinyin","category-pinyin-rules","category-romanization","tag-crouching-tiger-hidden-dragon"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pinyin.info\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2188","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pinyin.info\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pinyin.info\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pinyin.info\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pinyin.info\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2188"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/pinyin.info\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2188\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7006,"href":"https:\/\/pinyin.info\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2188\/revisions\/7006"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pinyin.info\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2188"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pinyin.info\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2188"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pinyin.info\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}