Today’s selection from Yin Binyong’s X?nhuá P?nxi? Cídi?n (???????? / ????????) deals with how to write Mandarin’s various de‘s, mood particles, and interjections.

This reading is available in two versions:

• simplified Chinese characters: ???? ????? (zhùcí, tàncí)
• traditional Chinese characters: ???? ?????

I’ve already written about the principles in previous posts. For example, see

• de de de — d di de
• Mandarin interjections in Pinyin
• mood particles in Mandarin — and how to write them in Hanyu Pinyin
• Basic Rules of Hanyu Pinyin Orthography